Signs Of Infection

Initially small holes appear on the head with a tiny white parasite protruding. In the later stages the holes become larger as the skin is eaten away. The fish may also show more intense colour, swim unevenly and show signs of malnutrition.

Fish Affected

Most common in Discus but also seen in Angelfish and some Gouramis.

Details Of Infection

Spironucles sp. and Hexamita sp. are the parasites to blame for this disease. It is thought that they are passed on by being taken in by food where the parasite multiplies in the intestine and spreads via the bloodstream. Out breaks are more prolific in crowed aquariums.

Treatment

Specific anti parasitic medication is available to treat Hole-in-the-head also known as Hexamita. Your veterinary surgeon can also prescribe a medication which is taken with food to tackle the parasite. The chosen medication of Jack Wattley (famed discus breeder) is Mentronidazole, trade name "Flagyl". He suggests one treatment a day for four days.

It is important to perform a large 30-40% water change before treatment and if possible raise the temperature to 92°F. It is advisable to remove plants as they will wither at such temperatures.

Early treatment is important as the holes that the parasite create often leave the fish open to a secondary infection.